Radiative heat power at Stromboli volcano during 2000-2011: Twelve years of MODIS observations

摘要: Abstract Twelve years of night-time MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) observations, has been analysed to detect and quantify the radiative heat power emitted by Stromboli volcano (from March 2000 September 2011). Using an accurate background subtraction signal at 4 μm, we were able discriminate two main regimes thermal radiation, related different levels volcanic activity. Effusive eruptions (occurred on December 28, 2002 February 27, 2007) radiated average ~ 186 MW with a frequency alert detection 50–95%. Conversely, during typical strombolian activity, ~ 9 MW is radiated, 0–45%. Although effusive basically controlled lava discharge rate, our results suggest that non-effusive periods (strombolian regime) both intensity alerts are height magmatic column feeding activity surface. In particular found ~ 50 MW corresponds high magma which exposed, in vent area, same rate deeper gas-rich typically supplied within system (~ 0.3 m3 s− 1). this condition approaches steady state regimes. Above threshold transition from may occur as shown ~ 50 MW, 8–10 days before onset last major flank eruptions. These values reached after 1–2 months gradual increase was likely associated rising shallowest portion conduit. addition data over 2000–2011 several cycles rise fall have occurred, however did not culminate into eruption but only recurrent episodes sustained spattering or fountaining summit overflows. fluctuations substantially increased 2007 thus suggesting event perturbed some way shallow plumbing Stromboli. We stress higher than 50 MW clear evidence very column, prelude and/or conclusion, systematic analysis can be used variations considerably improve surveillance Stromboli, well other open-system volcanoes.