Cellular mechanisms of plasmalemmal sealing and axonal repair by polyethylene glycol and methylene blue.

摘要: Mammalian neurons and all other eukaryotic cells endogenously repair traumatic injury within minutes by a Ca2+-induced accumulation of vesicles that interact fuse with each the plasmalemma to seal any openings. We have used uptake or exclusion extracellular fluorescent dye measure ability rat hippocampal B104 sciatic nerves (seal) transected neurites in vitro axons ex vivo. report endogenous sealing both preparations is enhanced Ca2+-containing solutions decreased Ca2+-free containing antioxidants such as dithiothreitol (DTT), melatonin (MEL), methylene blue (MB), various toxins decrease vesicular interactions. In contrast, fusogen polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 10–50 mM artificially seals cut ends seconds not affected Ca2+ substances affect sealing. At higher concentrations, PEG decreases disrupts intact cells. These PEG-sealing data are consistent hypothesis lower concentrations directly damaged plasmalemma. considered these devise protocol using well-specified series vary tonicity, Ca2+, MB, content. protocols rapidly consistently (PEG-fuse) completely vivo dramatically restore long-lasting morphological continuity, action potential conduction, behavioral functions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.