Demographic Patterns and Limitation of Grey Wolves, Canis lupus , in and Near Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario

摘要: In response to concern regarding the growth and long-term viability of wolf population in near Pukaskwa National Park, a study demographic patterns limitation radio-collared wolves ( Canis lupus ) was completed between 1994 1998. The mean annual finite rate increase (0.96) suggested that limited declining slightly. Small pack sizes, high cumulative mortality, low reproductive success also population. Two limiting factors, ungulate biomass human-caused were examined determine importance each wolves. Ungulate involved because occurrence natural-caused mortality (9 17 wolves) compared with other studies. addition, consumption rates similar studies where starvation signs malnutrition noted. Further, Moose densities area moderate below thresholds indicating nutritional stress for Occurrence (8 suggesting it an important factor, particularly given availability reproduction noted this study. Based on present patterns, biomass, likely will remain at or continue decline.