Breast Cancer Epidemiology: Summary and Future Directions

摘要: The most common cancer in US women and the 2nd leading cause of death is breast cancer. Between 1980-1987 US. age-adjusted incidence rates rose rapidly. They are also rising rapidly several Asian countries (e.g. Japan) which have lowest rates. These rapid increases may mean that environmental factors responsible. Incidence rise greatly with age until late 40s. at highest risk Jewish urban single living northern Women include Mormon Seventh-Day Adventist Hispanic rural southern married women. Factors a relative greater than 2 mother sister history especially if diagnoses an early age; atypical epithelial cells nipple aspirate fluid; nodular densities on mammogram; 1 breast; or cancer; biopsy-confirmed benign proliferative disease; hyperplastic without atypia radiation to chest moderate high doses. Ovarian hormones appear stimulate cell division thus elevated levels be factors. Exogenous increase risk. exposed these exogenous through estrogen replacement therapy progestin only pills oral contraceptives long-acting injectable diethylstilbestrol. Postmenopausal obesity while premenopausal decreases A fat diet childhood adolescence Alcohol drinking Older white nulliparous more likely receptor-positive cancers. Breast males tends share same as well its own unique Prevention postmenopausal established primary prevention effort. Screening secondary means.