Opportunities and prospects of biorefinery-based valorisation of pulp and paper sludge.

摘要: The paper and pulp industry is one of the major industries that generate large amount solid waste with high moisture content. Numerous opportunities exist for valorisation sludge, although this review focuses on primary sludge cellulose most mature options are fermentation, anaerobic digestion pyrolysis. In review, biochemical thermal processes considered individually also as integrated biorefinery. objective biorefinery to reduce or avoid disposal by landfilling, water reclamation value addition. Assessment selected varies from a detailed analysis single process level optimisation integration processes, which allow initial assessment comparison technologies. This data can be used provide key stakeholders roadmap technologies economic benefits, carbon wastage pollution load.