Cross-species infection of blood parasites between resident and migratory songbirds in Africa

摘要: We studied the phylogeny of avian haemosporidian parasites, Haemoproteus and Plasmodium, in a number African resident European migratory songbird species sampled during spring autumn northern Nigeria. The parasites was constructed through sequencing part their mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. found eight parasite lineages, five three infecting multiple host species. Thus, 44% 18 haemospiridian lineages this study were detected more than one species, indicating that sharing is common feature previously thought. Furthermore, Plasmodium infected from different families, Sylviidae Ploceidae, expressing exceptionally large range. mapped transmission events, e.g. occurrence bird Europe or Africa, onto phylogenetic tree. This yielded clades, two Haemoproteus, which seems to occur solely Africa. One clade showed transmission, whereas remaining clades contained mixes African, unknown transmission. mix areas several branches tree suggests songbirds has arisen repeatedly Africa Europe. Blood could be viewed as cost migration, cases with migration have considerable impact on evolution patterns winter distribution migrating birds.