摘要: The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is perceived by a family of five receptor members in the dicotyledonous model Arabidopsis. Genetic and biochemical studies suggest that response suppressed complexes, but nature signal unknown. Without appropriate measures to trace quantify strength, biological significance modulation responses multiple receptors has yet be fully addressed. Nevertheless, strength can reflected degrees alteration various phenotypes expression levels ethylene-inducible genes. This mini-review highlights have advanced our understanding cooperative signaling.