Microglia: immunoregulatory cells in the central nervous system.

摘要: Microglia are one of three types glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Although origin is still controversial, several lines evidences suggest that they bone marrow-derived, monocyte-macrophage lineage enter brain during embryonic development and differentiate into ramified resting microglia through a series morphologic transformations. After isolation culture techniques for microglia, many reports have indicated their morphological functional similarities to monocyte-macrophages. They complement receptors recognized with Mac 1 or OX42 monoclonal antibody, Fc (Suzumura et al., 1987), CD4 (Sawada 1992b) CD14 antigens on surface (unpublished observation), react antibodies against molecules macrophages such as F4/80, ED1, ED2, EMB11(Austin 1981, Perry 1985, Dijkstra Imamura 1990). also identified by binding lectins, RCA-1 lectin GSA-1 (Mannoji 1986, Streit 1987). express class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) induced II MHC phagocytose letex beads vitro considered remove remnants phogocytic neurogenesis. Furthermore, regulated growth, differentiation activation same cytokines monocyte-macrophages 1990, 1999, Suzumura 1991, 1998), produce monokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α do (Giulian Heiter 1988, Frei 1989, Sawada 1992a, Tomozawa 1995). IL-12 al. 1998) IL18 2001), which regulate T helper cells, chemokines. Therefore, play similar roles CNS, functioning scavenger inflammatory antigen-presenting immunoregulatory cells. In addition, may function effector induce demyelination neuronal degeneration, part gliosis via secreting some other soluble factors Selmaj 1993a). this review, we focused functions, including antigen presentation cytokine production, physiological pathological conditions CNS.