The molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular and renal regulation by endothelin peptides.

摘要: In summary, we have seen that endothelins are potent cardiovascular and renal regulatory peptides. Cardiovascular regulation by endothelin requires complex spatial temporal of gene expression the coordinated interplay numerous signaling pathways. Although precise physiologic role for peptides in systems remains uncertain, two general models can be proposed, as follows. (1) Endothelin appears to act an autocrine or paracrine hormone involved long-term (hours days) function normal physiology. Similar occurs response other hormones such angiotensin II, atrial natriuretic peptides, catecholamines. this respect it is noteworthy also interacts with hormonal affect status, renin-aldosterone peptide (see references 9, 161, 162, 213-217). (2) might a proinflammatory peptide, being locally produced at sites vascular damage injury. The fact secretion stimulated cytokines, growth factors, transforming factor beta consistent role. addition, mitogenic actions could contribute remodeling inflammatory response. A similar, defensive has been proposed implicated pathogenesis disorders hypertension 28, 56, 168, 184, 224 through 226), cerebral myocardial vasospasm 180, 223, 227 233), acute failure, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. It clear development specific ECE inhibitors receptor antagonists will enable definitive experiments addressing physiology putative disorders. Further identification biochemical analysis networks evoked endothelin, conjunction studies, should provide detailed understanding biologic events regulated