Osteosarcoma development and stem cell differentiation.

摘要: Osteosarcoma is the most common nonhematologic malignancy of bone in children and adults. The peak incidence occurs second decade life, with a smaller after age 50. typically arises around growth plate long bones. Most osteosarcoma tumors are high grade tend to develop pulmonary metastases. Despite clinical improvements, patients metastatic or recurrent diseases have poor prognosis. Here, we reviewed current understanding human osteosarcoma, an emphasis on potential links between defective osteogenic differentiation tumorigenesis. Existing data indicate display broad range genetic molecular alterations, including gains, losses, arrangements chromosomal regions, inactivation tumor suppressor genes, deregulation major signaling pathways. However, except for p53 and/or RB mutations, alterations not constantly detected majority tumors. With rapid expansion our knowledge about stem cell biology, emerging evidence suggests should be regarded as disease caused by epigenetic changes that interrupt osteoblast from mesenchymal cells. Understanding pathogenesis could ultimately lead development diagnostic prognostic markers, well targeted therapeutics patients.