Evaluation and Treatment of FI

摘要: Fecal incontinence (FI) is a common condition, affecting nearly 10 % of women over age 45 at least once per month. A thorough history precipitating factors, obstetric history, and prior surgical are important components the workup FI. Once diagnosis has been established, management should begin with conservative measures including fiber supplements or antimotility agents, elimination foods medications, consideration biofeedback. When treatment necessary, sphincteroplasty still mainstay for young patients complete sphincter defect. Recently several other treatments have emerged sacral neuromodulation, biomaterial injection, radiofrequency energy delivery, artificial bowel sphincter, magnetic sphincter. This chapter will compare efficacy these techniques offer algorithm