The Evolution of Normal Galaxy X-ray Emission Through Cosmic History: Constraints from the 6 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South

摘要: We present measurements of the evolution normal-galaxy X-ray emission from $z \approx$ 0-7 using local galaxies and galaxy samples in 6 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey. The majority CDF-S are observed at rest-frame energies above 2 keV, where is expected to be dominated by binary (XRB) populations; however, hot gas provide small contributions observed- frame < 1 keV 1$. show that a single scaling relation between luminosity ($L_{\rm X}$) star-formation rate (SFR) insufficient for characterizing average all redshifts. establish relations involving not only SFR, but also stellar mass ($M_\star$) redshift, significantly improved characterizations normal populations 0-7. further first empirical constraints on redshift both low-mass XRB (LMXB) high-mass (HMXB) their scalings with $M_\star$ respectively. find $L_{\rm 2-10 keV}({\rm LMXB})/M_\star \propto (1 + z)^{2-3}$ HMXB})$/SFR $\propto z)$, these consistent population-synthesis model predictions, which attribute increase LMXB HMXB as being due declining host ages metallicities, discuss how XRBs could an important source heating intergalactic medium early Universe, exceeding active galactic nuclei.