Population genetic analyses reveal the African origin and strain variation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.

摘要: Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous, saprobic yeast and the cause of life-threatening infections. Humans acquire infection by inhaling airborne cells from environment. In lungs, these become encapsulated yeasts proliferate. people with healthy immune responses, may resolve or remain latent subsequently disease. However, in immunocompromised people, such as HIV/AIDS patients, less often hosts, can disseminate to almost any part body; however, they are neurotropic, meningoencephalitis most frequent deadliest clinical manifestation [1]–[3]. An estimated 1 million new infections acquired each year, majority cases occur sub-Saharan Africa, which has highest prevalence patients [4]. this region, C. common meningitis, mortality hovers around 50%. Others who succumb cryptococcosis apparently immunocompetent exhibit no evidence underlying For example, 71% cryptococcal China without pre-existing conditions [5]. There two varieties, var. grubii (Cng) (Cnn), distinguishable molecular markers their capsular serotypes, A D, respectively. Diploid AD hybrids also environment [6]–[8]. addition, sibling species, gattii, causes similar isolates both serotype D hybrids, well much common. At least 90% human disease fatalities caused Cng (serotype A) [9]–[11].