The risk of adverse reproductive and developmental disorders due to occupational pesticide exposure: an overview of current epidemiological evidence

摘要: The epidemiological studies presented in this paper refer to the association between agricultural occupation of parents and incidence infertility, congenital malformations, miscarriage, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, preterm delivery stillbirth. results analyses showed that employment agriculture increases risk specific morphological abnormalities sperm, including decreased sperm count per ejaculate declined percentage viable sperm. In general, no effect exposure pesticides on sexual hormones was observed. data time pregnancy are unequivocal, but most them suggest there is a relationship fecundability ratio pesticide exposure. Nor does research sex offspring provide explicit results. indicate parental could increase malformations offsprings, particularly such as orofacial cleft, birthmarks form hemangioma well musculoskeletal nervous system defects. occupational birthweight inconsistent. Although do not reveal significantly increased SGA, slower pace fetal development corresponding SGA population women exposed pyrethroids has been recently reported. There also some indications may contribute stillbirth female infertility. literature review suggests great need awareness workers who occupationally about their potential negative influence fertility outcome. light existing although still limited evidence adverse effects during preconceptual period, it necessary reduce pesticides.