Evolutionary ecology of progeny size in arthropods.

摘要: ▪ Abstract Most models of optimal progeny size assume that there is a trade-off between and number, fitness increases with increasing investment per young. We find both assumptions are supported by empirical studies but the less apparent when organisms iteroparous, use adult-acquired resources for reproduction, or provide parental care. then review patterns variation in among species, populations within individuals populations, produced single female. argue much likely due to natural selection. However, few have manipulated environments demonstrated relationship actually differs environments, fewer still why selection favors different sized environments. ...