The isolation and characterization of lipopolysaccharides from Microcystis aeruginosa, a prominent toxic water bloom forming cyanobacteria

摘要: Massive toxic blooms of cyanobacteria represent a major threat to water supplies worldwide, yet serious gaps exist in understanding their complex effects, including the role of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The present comparative study focused on levels and biological activities LPS isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa, which is one most globally distributed species. Using hot phenol extraction, was isolated from 3 laboratory cultures 11 natural water blooms. It formed 0.2-0.7% original dry biomass the cyanobacteria, based gravimetry. Additional analyses by commercial anti-LPS ELISA were correlated with gravimetry but showed concentrations that about 7-times lower, which indicated either impurities in isolated or poor cross-reactivity antibodies used. isolates M. aeruginosa potent pyrogens traditional Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-test, but comparison PyroGene test demonstrated limited selectivity LAL several interferences. determined pyrogenicity (endotoxin units, EU) ranged very low values (less than 0.003 up to 0.008-EU per 100 pg LPS) higher in complex bloom samples (0.01-0.078 EU LPS), which suggested role bloom-associated bacteria overall effects. Potent pro-inflammatory effects studied LPS from both observed a highly-relevant ex vivo human blood model by studying reactive oxygen species production phagocytes as well increased productions interleukin 8, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-alpha. M aeruginosa seem modulate several pathways involved regulation innate immunity specific responses.