Intracellular Signals Controlling Ionic and Acid-Base Regulation in Avian Nasal Gland Cells

摘要: The elimination of excess salt represents a significant problem for the vast majority vertebrate species whose kidneys are generally not capable producing urine that is more concentrated than body fluids. Only in mammalian species, with full development loop Henle and counter-current multiplier system renal tubule, kidney routinely able to concentrate sufficiently handle most loads. Consequently, wherever nonmammalian exposed salt, extrarenal mechanisms its have evolved. tissues concerned diverse include branchial epithelium teleosts, rectal gland elasmobranchs, various cranial glands (lacrimal, nasal, salivary, lingual) reptiles, nasal birds. Despite this diversity utilized, current evidence suggests certain consistency overall function mechanism action, at least cellular level (Shuttleworth 1987). Of these different tissues, avian salt-secreting gland, addition continued inherent interest comparative physiologists, has attracted attention variety physiologists interested unique properties particular advantages tissue present investigate general phenomena. For example, together shark played an important role elucidating basic transepithelial chloride secretion (Ernst Mills 1977).