Trade, transport and trouble: managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization

摘要: Summary 1 Humans have traded and transported alien species for millennia with two notable step-changes: the end of Middle Ages beginning Industrial Revolution. However, in recent decades world has entered a new phase magnitude diversity biological invasions: Era Globalization. This Special Profile reviews links between main drivers globalization invasions examines state-of-the-art approaches to pathway risk assessment illustrate opportunities managing invasive species. 2 Income growth is primary driver clear association exists Gross Domestic Product richness floras faunas many regions world. In cases, exposure these economies trade highlighted by significant role merchandise imports invasions, especially island ecosystems. 3 Post-1950, technical logistic improvements accelerated ease which commodities are across globe hindered traceability goods intercepting pests. New sea, land air international human transport established novel pathways spread species. Increasingly, science advances underpinning management must move at speed commerce. 4 Increasing networks demand led assessments becoming frontline prevention invasions. The diverse routes introduction arising from contaminant, stowaway, corridor unaided pathways, both aquatic terrestrial biomes complex. Nevertheless, common features enable comparable assessment. By bringing together spatial data on climate suitability, habitat availability points entry, as well demographic models that include dispersal (both natural human-mediated) measures propagule pressure, it possible generate maps highlighting potential invasion hotspots can inform strategies. 5 Synthesis applications. To date, most attempts model focused describing likelihood invader establishment. Few modelled explicit strategies such optimal detection inspection effectiveness different measures. A future focus areas will ensure research informs response.