Reexamining the Growth of the Institutional Presidency, 1940–2000

摘要: Scholars differ regarding the reason for institutionalization of a large, functionally specialized White House-centered presidential staff system during last six decades. Among factors cited is general growth in government size and complexity, increases workload, institutional rivalry between president Congress. However, using new advances time-series analysis based on fractional integration, we show that these models are plagued by conceptual methodological shortcomings render their substantive conclusions unreliable. In response, develop test comprehensive explanatory model combines elements previous research but uses integration to account more accurately whether newly created positions institutionalized. We find driven primarily changes presidents' bargaining relations with Congress, media, public, only secondarily ...