Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula

摘要: A phylogeny of West Palearctic Salamandridae based on 1208 bp mtDNA sequences (300 bp cytb, 346 bp 12S rRNA and 562 bp 16S rRNA) indicates the European brook newts (Euproctus) are polyphyletic. To reflect revised relationships, Tyrrhenian species (E. montanus (Savi, 1838) E. platycephalus (Gravenhorst, 1829)) retained in EuproctusGene, 1839, while genus CalotritonGray, 1858 is resurrected to include Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper (Duges, 1852) comb. nov.) a new from massif El Montseny, Catalonia, Spain, described herein as Calotriton arnoldi sp. nov., which both morphologically genetically distinct. Although according principle priority MegapternaSavi, 1838 should take precedence over for sake nomenclatural stability line with Art. 23.9.1 International Code Zoological Nomenclature, Megapterna considered nomen oblitum Euproctus protectum. The polyphyly (s.l.) contradicts previous, well-accepted, biogeographical hypotheses represents clear case convergence, involving several morphological traits unique reproductive behaviour that advantageous stream situations. Molecular dating suggests Western lineage (C. asper+C. arnoldi) originated towards end Miocene (8.3 ± 0.11 Mya) part well-supported monophyletic assemblage, also includes Neurergus kaiseri (Schmidt, 1952) clade formed by Triturus karelinii (Strauch, 1870), T. carnifex (Laurenti, 1768), T. pygmaeus (Wolterstoff, 1905) T. marmoratus (Latreille, 1800). Speciation separating E. montanus might have coincided onset Messinian salinity crisis. © 2005 Linnean Society London, Journal Society, 2005, 145, 555–582.