A spontaneous depressive pattern in adult female rhesus macaques

摘要: Non-human primates offer unique opportunities to study the development of depression rooted in behavioral and physiological abnormalities. This observed adult female rhesus macaques within social hierarchies aimed characterize brain abnormalities accompanying depressive-like behavior. The behaviors 31 from 14 different breeding groups were video recorded, footage was analyzed using focal animal technique. There 13 monkeys who never displayed huddling behavior (non-huddlers). remaining 18 divided into two according mean time spent huddle posture. Four designated as high huddlers, whereas other low huddlers. An inverse relationship discovered between rank depression. High huddlers more engaging physical contact close proximity monkeys, well less spontaneously reactively locomoting, than and/or non-huddlers. Cortisol levels measured hair elevated significantly compared with non-huddlers, cortisol specifically higher subordinate or dominant control monkeys. Regional cerebral blood flow data revealed significant widespread decreases