Etiopathology, clinical features, and treatment of diffuse and multinodular nontoxic goiters

摘要: Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is a common problem in clinical practice associated with iodine deficiency, increase serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, natural goitrogens, smoking, and lack selenium iron. Evidence suggests that heredity also has important role etiology goiter. The current classification divides goiter into diffuse nodular, which may be further subdivided toxic (associated symptoms hyperthyroidism, suppressed TSH or both), nontoxic normal level). Nodular disease presence single multiple nodules requires evaluation due to risk malignancy, toxicity, local compressive symptoms. Measurement TSH, accurate imaging high-resolution ultrasonography computed tomography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy are appropriate methods for management This review discusses presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment considerations nodular goiters.