Selection response in traits with maternal inheritance

摘要: Maternal inheritance is the non-Mendelian transmission of traits from mothers to their offspring. Despite its presence in virtually all organisms, acting through a variety mechanisms, evolutionary consequences maternal are not well understood. Here we review and extend model evolution multiple quantitative characters with complex pathways effects. Extensions earlier include common family environmental effects associated phenotype, sexual dimorphism, paternal (non-Mendelian influence father on offspring traits). We find that, contrast simple Mendelian inheritance, produces qualitatively different dynamics for two reasons: (1) response selection set depends only additive genetic variances covariances, but also that them, (2) time lags create form momentum. These results have important implications natural populations practical applications economic improvement domesticated species. derive indices maximize either single generation artificial or asymptotic rate long-term programmes, based individual merit combination merit. Numerical examples show accounting can lead considerable increases efficiency selection.