The affective dimension of pain as a risk factor for drug and alcohol addiction

摘要: Addiction, or substance use disorder (SUD), is a devastating psychiatric disease composed of multiple elemental features. As biobehavioral disorder, escalation drug and/or alcohol intake both cause and consequence molecular neuroadaptations in central brain reinforcement circuitry. Multiple mesolimbic areas mediate host negative affective motivational symptoms that appear to be the addiction process. Brain stress- reinforcement-related regions such as amygdala (CeA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) also serve processors ascending nociceptive input. We hypothesize sensitization mechanisms underlying processing persistent maladaptive pain contributes composite state drive enduring, relapsing nature addiction, particularly case opioid disorder. At neurochemical level, activates stress-related neuropeptide signaling, including dynorphin corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems, by this process may facilitate affect escalated over time. Importantly, widespread prevalence unresolved associated dysregulation clinical populations highlights need for more effective analgesic medications with reduced potential tolerance dependence. The burgeoning epidemic prescription abuse demands closer investigation into neurobiological how treatment could potentially represent significant risk vulnerable populations. Finally, continuing convergence sensory neuroscience fields expected generate insight critical balance between relief liability, well provide therapeutic strategies chronic addiction.