Diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors in clinical trials

摘要: textabstractAccording to the Central Brain Registry Of The United States (CBTRUS) statistical report (February 2012) incidence rate of all primary non malignant and brain central nervous system tumors is 19.89 cases per 100.000 (11.58 for non-malignant 7.31 tumors). Malignant account only 1% 2% adult cancers. As a comparison, in 2012, women breast cancer was 121.2 (per 100.000). Tumors neuroepithelial tissue are most frequent with an 6.16. common tumor glioblastoma (GBM) 3.2. Other histologies e.g. astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or mixed oligoastrocytoma have lower than 0.5. 1,2 increases age, 8.59 young patients (age 20-34) 55.8 elderly 65-74). Age distributions also differ by histology grade. Glioblastoma peaks at age 65-74 and oligodendroglioma low grade astrocytoma 35-44. Causes still largely unknown. Various categories risk factors investigated epidemiologic studies: geographic ethnic, environmental (irradiation, pollution), lifestyle (food, alcohol, smoking bits, use cell phone), medical treatments conditions (allergies, infections), familial hereditary. To date, inherited genetic syndromes, therapeutic ionizing irradiation generally accepted glioma genesis.4,5 In last decade, advances microarray sequencing technologies allowed realization large gene expression genome wide association studies (GWAS). Recently, two GWAS provided more insight into variants that influence individual susceptibility develop gliomas. 6,7,8 addition germline factors, recent showed acquired somatic changes were associated treatment response, disease progression overall survival.9,10