Decoding glycans: deciphering the sugary secrets to be coherent on the implication

摘要: Neoteric techniques, skills, and methodological advances in glycobiology glycochemistry have been instrumental pertinent discoveries to pave way for a new era biomedical sciences. Glycans are sugar-based polymers that coat cells decorate majority of proteins, forming glycoproteins. They also found deposited extracellular spaces between cells, attached soluble signaling molecules, key players several biological processes including regulation immune responses cell–cell interactions. Laboratory manipulations protein, DNA other macromolecules celebrate the accelerated research respective fields, but same seems unlikely complex sugar polymers. The structural neither synthesized using known template nor dynamically stable with respect cell's metabolic rate. What is more, isomers—structurally distinct molecules chemical formula—can be employed construct varied glycans, almost impossible tell apart based on molecular weight alone. apparent lack glycan alphabet further reflects an enduring question: how little do we know about sugars? Evidently, glycan-based therapeutic potentials glycomimetics propitious future not well exploited, few conspicuous anomalies. Here, contour most notable contributions enhance our ability utilize glycans as therapeutics. Diagnostic strategies concerning recurrent diseases headways address challenges discussed.