Modulating Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy with Ultrasound and High-Intensity Nanosecond Electric Pulses

摘要: Ultrasound can induce apoptosis and enhance attributable to anticancer drugs, in which cavitation plays the leading role. Cavitation leads production of reactive radicals shear forces, insult DNA mitochondria, initiating via cytochrome c–caspase 3 pathway. permeabilizes cell membrane, thereby increasing intracellular drug level enhancing efficacy cytotoxic drug. Ultrasonically chemotherapeutic sensitization is effective both chemosensitive chemoresistant cancer cells. The biological responses high-intensity electric pulses are dependent on voltage applied pulse length. Nanosecond pass through plasma nuclear membranes create sufficiently high voltages cytoplasm nucleus with intact membranes, impacting mitochondria or DNA, resulting apoptosis. may intrinsic extrinsic pathway, electrical mechanical mechanisms be involved. Both ultrasound delivered precisely into preselected tissues, so these two techniques developed for targeted therapy.