The AMPK/SNF1/SnRK1 fuel gauge and energy regulator: structure, function and regulation

摘要: All life forms on earth require a continuous input and monitoring of carbon energy supplies. The AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)/sucrose nonfermenting1 (SNF1)/Snf1-related kinase1 (SnRK1) protein kinases are evolutionarily conserved metabolic sensors found in all eukaryotic organisms from simple unicellular fungi (yeast SNF1) to animals (AMPK) plants (SnRK1). Activated by starvation energy-depleting stress conditions, they enable homeostasis survival up-regulating energy-conserving energy-producing catabolic processes, limiting energy-consuming anabolic metabolism. In addition, control normal growth development as well at the organismal level. As such, AMPK/SNF1/SnRK1 act concert with other central signaling components carbohydrate uptake metabolism, fatty acid lipid biosynthesis storage reserves. Moreover, have tremendous impact developmental processes that triggered environmental changes such nutrient depletion or stress. Although intensive research many groups has partly unveiled factors regulate activity pathways substrates control, several fundamental issues still await be clarified. this review, we will highlight these focus structure, function regulation kinases.