Medullary thyroid carcinoma: a review on ethical considerations in treatment of children.

摘要: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of endocrine system and it accounts approximately 1%-3% all human cancers. Among three subtypes thyroid cancers, medullary (MTC) cause death in patients with multiple neoplasia (MEN) type 2A (MEN2A), MEN 2B (MEN2B) familial (FMTC). Generally, MTC for up to 10% types It one aggressive forms which manifested childhood ages more than adults, comprises about 17% pediatric cancer. Like other prevention easier its cure. In recent decades (from 1993) diagnosis asymptomatic child carrying RET mutations affected families by MTC, has been provided genetic screening, prophylactic thyroidectomy an efficacy therapeutic procedure. On hand, according near complete penetrance disease onset early years life, required accelerate protection at-risk children relative on there are several obstructions treatment including: 1) proband's refusal disclose mutation testing results, 2) children's vulnerability because their inability participate informed consent, 3) existence conflict between physicians guardian. this review article, recommendations ethical issues have summarized.