作者: P. Lambropoulos , G. M. Nikolopoulos
DOI: 10.1140/EPJST/E2013-01987-7
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摘要: We review the main aspects of multiple photoionization processes in atoms exposed to intense, short wavelength radiation. The focus is theoretical framework for description such as well conditions under which direct multiphoton ionization can dominate over sequential ones. discuss detail mechanisms available different ranges from infrared hard X-rays. effect field fluctuations, present at this stage all SASE free-electron-laser (FEL) facilities, interaction volume integration, are also discussed.