摘要: Background: Smoking has been associated with Graves’ disease, but it remains unclear if the association is present in other thyroid disorders. Outcome variables: ophthalmopathy, toxic nodular goitre, non-toxic post-partum Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, or hypothyroidism. Material and methods: A search of MEDLINE identified 25 studies on between smoking diseases. Results: In disease eight were available showing an odds ratio (OR) 3.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.09 ‐ 5.22) current smokers compared never smokers. ex-smokers there was no significant excess risk (ORa 1:41; 95% CI: 0.77 2.58). The OR ever ophthalmopathy (4.40, 2.88 6.73, six studies) significantly higher than (1.90, 1.42 2.55, two-sided P-value , 0:01). Ever not goitre 1:27; 0.69 2.33, three studies), while increased men excluded 1:29; 1.01 1.65, studies). lower women for both goitre. thyroiditis dysfunction also hypothyroidism did reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Cessation seems a smoking. increases beyond alone. cessation may lead to decrease morbidity from especially women.
bioscientifica.com
kodomo-kenkou.com 参考文章(37)
T C Chang, C J Chen, Y L Chen, Influence of smoking on Graves' disease with or without ophthalmopathy and nontoxic nodular goiter in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. ,vol. 93, pp. 40- 44 ,(1994)
Brita Winsa, Agneta Mandahl, F Anders Karlsson, Graves' disease, endocrine ophthalmopathy and smoking European Journal of Endocrinology. ,vol. 128, pp. 156- 160 ,(1993) , 10.1530/ACTA.0.1280156
Nini G. Rasmussen, Peter J. Hornnes, Mimi Høier-Madsen, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Laszlo Hegedüs, Thyroid size and function in healthy pregnant women with thyroid autoantibodies. Relation to development of postpartum thyroiditis. European Journal of Endocrinology. ,vol. 123, pp. 395- 401 ,(1990) , 10.1530/ACTA.0.1230395
Marlsol Tellez, Jackie Cooper, Charles Edmonds, Graves' ophthalmopathy in relation to cigarette smoking and ethnic origin. Clinical Endocrinology. ,vol. 36, pp. 291- 294 ,(1992) , 10.1111/J.1365-2265.1992.TB01445.X
L. Bartalena, E. Martino, C. Marcocci, F. Bogazzi, M. Panicucci, F. Velluzzi, A. Loviselli, A. Pinchera, More on smoking habits and Graves’ ophthalmopathy Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. ,vol. 12, pp. 733- 737 ,(1989) , 10.1007/BF03350047
Johannes Pfeilschifter, Reinhard Ziegler, Smoking and endocrine ophthalmopathy: impact of smoking severity and current vs lifetime cigarette consumption Clinical Endocrinology. ,vol. 45, pp. 477- 481 ,(1996) , 10.1046/J.1365-2265.1996.8220832.X
Lewis E. Braverman, Robert D. Utiger, Sidney C. Werner, Sidney H. Ingbar, Werner and Ingbar's the Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text ,(1991)
U.-B. ERICSSON, F. LINDGÄRDE, Effects of cigarette smoking on thyroid function and the prevalence of goitre, thyrotoxicosis and autoimmune thyroiditis. Journal of Internal Medicine. ,vol. 229, pp. 67- 71 ,(1991) , 10.1111/J.1365-2796.1991.TB00308.X
C BALAZS, Association between Graves' ophthalmopathy and smoking The Lancet. ,vol. 335, pp. 1261- 1263 ,(1990) , 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92251-C
P. LAURBERG, K. M. PEDERSEN, H. VESTERGAARD, G. SIGURDSSON, High incidence of multinodular toxic goitre in the elderly population in a low iodine intake area vs. high incidence of Graves' disease in the young in a high iodine intake area: comparative surveys of thyrotoxicosis epidemiology in East‐Jutland Denmark and Iceland Journal of Internal Medicine. ,vol. 229, pp. 415- 420 ,(1991) , 10.1111/J.1365-2796.1991.TB00368.X