The estrogen receptor beta subtype: a novel mediator of estrogen action in neuroendocrine systems.

摘要: The recent discovery that an additional estrogen receptor (ERbeta) subtype is present in many rat, mouse, and human tissues has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying signalling. Ligand-binding experiments have shown specific binding 17beta-estradiol by ERbeta with affinity similar to ERalpha. rat tissue distribution and/or relative level ERalpha expression seems be quite different, i.e., moderate high uterus, testis, pituitary, ovary, kidney, epididymis, adrenal for prostate, lung, bladder, brain, bone, testis ERbeta. Within same organ it often appears ER subtypes are expressed different cell types, supporting hypothesis ER's may biological functions. type-specific brain mRNA knock-out mouse discussed. suggests existence two previously unrecognized pathways signalling; via exclusively expressing this formation heterodimers both subtypes. subtypes, their differential pattern, actions on certain response elements could provide explanations striking species-, cell-, promoter-specific estrogens antiestrogens. challenge future unravel detailed physiological role each use knowledge develop next generation ER-targeted drugs improved therapeutic profiles treatment or prevention osteoporosis, cardiovascular system disorders, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, disorders urogenital tract.