Brainstem in multiple system atrophy: clinicopathological correlations.
作者： Eduardo E. Benarroch
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摘要: 1. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic failure in various combinations. 2. Orthostatic hypotension, neurogenic bladder, laryngeal stridor sleep apnea, rapid eye movement (REM) behavior are prominent manifestations of MSA. 3. In MSA, there severe depletion catecholaminergic neurons the C1 A1 areas ventrolateral medulla, this may contribute to orthostatic hypotension endocrine disturbances disorder, respectively. 4. Loss corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) pontine micturition area bladder dysfunction. 5. Respiratory abnormalities reflect loss cholinergic arcuate nucleus ventral medulla. 6. mesopontine neurons, setting locus ceruleus preservation rostral raphe REM
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