Concentrations of sunscreens and antioxidant pigments in Arctic Calanus spp. in relation to ice cover, ultraviolet radiation, and the phytoplankton spring bloom

摘要: Arctic zooplankton ascend to shallow depths during spring graze on the yearly occurring phytoplankton bloom. However, in surface waters they are exposed detrimental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels. Here, we quantified concentrations of substances known have UVR-protective functions, namely mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and carotenoid astaxanthin, from March May Calanus finmarchicus, glacialis hyperboreus. Ice cover was 100% beginning March, started break up April gone by end May. UVR-exposure water column tightly linked ice conditions UVR-transparency 6 m (depth where 1% remains). Concentrations MAAs C. finmarchicus increased sharply break-up peaked concurrently with maximum chlorophyll a (Chl a) MAA-concentrations hyperboreus later accordance its arrival surface. The concentration astaxanthin all three species over time but there no synchrony or Even though only upper affected UV-radiation, copepods were correlated UV-threat. Hence, changes projected large impact emphasizing importance timing ascent deep relation bloom break-up.