Maternal exposure to selenium and cadmium, fetal growth, and placental expression of steroidogenic and apoptotic genes.

摘要: Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) and selenium (Se) antagonistically influence redox balance apoptotic signaling, with Cd potentially promoting Se inhibiting oxidative stress apoptosis. Alterations to placental functions by maternal exposure during pregnancy may explain some of the associations fetal development. Objectives Investigate between concentrations in toenails expression patterns tumor necrosis factor (TNF) steroidogenic genes involved reactions test growth. Methods In a sub-sample from Rhode Island Child Health Study (n = 173), we investigated relationships between: (1) toenail growth using logistic regression, (2) interactions scores TNF (RNAseq) linear models, (3) factors via analysis covariance. Results was associated decreased odds intrauterine restriction (IUGR) (OR 0.27, p-value 0.045). increased IUGR 1.95, 0.13) small for gestational age (SGA) births 1.46, 0.11), though not statistically significant. were patterns, which also differed birth size. Conclusions act as an antagonist modifiable protective restriction, these data suggest effects be due variations regulation and/or signaling.