MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2: pleiotropic enzymes in a ubiquitous signaling network.

摘要: Publisher Summary MAP kinase is used to refer at least two distinct proteins, known as the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases ERK 1 and ERK2. The discussion of proteins that are regulated by ERKs points pleiotropic nature signaling pathways this family kinases. Relatively, few data yet in hand prove any these substrates for enzymes vivo. impact on cell function can be deduced from recent experiments using mutated enzymes. ERKl phosphorylation site lysine mutants have proved useful dominant inhibitors. In Jurkat cells, inhibit induction cytokine IL-2. It was found ERK2 block ability ras, serum, phorbol ester induce transcription a TPA response element. prevent proliferation caused activated Raf EGF or small tau antigen. ubiquitous remarkable variety hormones differentiated cells growth factors dividing cells. Their activation has been linked transition G0 G1 cycle phenotypes. These essential components universal cascade implicated control many cellular processes.