Unintended consequences: how the recovery of sea eagle Haliaeetus spp. populations in the northern hemisphere is affecting seabirds
作者： Tycho Anker-Nilssen , Louise K. Blight , Gregory J. Robertson , Robert T. Barrett , Sabina I. Wilhelm
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摘要: Adult seabirds experience predation by many species. At sea, they are taken predatory fish such as white sharks Carcharodon carcharias (Johnson et al. 2006), and marine mammals including killer whales Orca orcinus (Dahleim & White 2010), true seals (Penny Lowry 1967, Cobley Bell 1998), fur-seals sealions (McHugh 1952, Long Gilbert 1997, David 2003, Lalas 2007, Charbonnier walrus Odobenus rosmarus (Mallory 2004), sea otters Enhydra lutris (Riedman Estes 1988). On land, native non-native rodents (Sealy 1982, Blight 2000, Angel 2009) carnivores ranging in size from shorttailed weasels Mustela erminea (Cairns 1985) to polar bears Ursus maritimus (Donaldson 1995). In addition, on land avian predators, Giant Petrels Macronectes spp. (Emslie 1995), hawks (Lewis 2003), falcons (Beebe 1960, Booms Fuller eagles (Zaun 2009), owls (Morse 1971, Hayward 1993, Velarde 2007), rails (Brothers 1984), gulls (Spear 1993), skuas Stercorarius (Muller-Schwarze Muller-Schwarze 1973), sheathbills Chionis (Jouventin 1996), passerines (Verbeek Ryan Moloney 1991, Gaston Elliot 1996).
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