Enhancing Cognitive Development in College Classrooms: A Review

摘要: University professors encounter more cognitive challenges within the college classroom instructional process than in previous decades. As such, a push for review is echoed on campuses. This article includes of current literature enhancement from theoretical framework William Perry's and Jean Piaget's Cognitive State Theory Lev. S. Vygotsky's Constructivist Theory. Moreover, provides an operational definition development, outlines variables that affect developmental process, articulates impact challenge support as it relates to development concludes with template theory instruction classroom. The university widely regarded place develop academic skills disseminate knowledge (Winston, Banney, Miller Dagley, 1988). However, universities must accept another responsibility, holistic students. Development occurs scaffolding critical thinking transforming character. task both administrators educators commit developing students holistically. point is, learning can lead development. Therefore, cannot be separated its social context (Vygotsky 1977). Such undertaking requires strategies other one-to-one intervention provided by counselors-the researcher sought mechanisms principles acquisition processing interaction related enhancing via refers qualitative quantitative changes behavior, physical abilities, interactions roles. Most important, consequence maturation or deterioration, influences environment, between status organism environment which causes shifts beliefs, values, attitudes occur person attempts adapt increasingly complex demands environment. (Hunt Schroder, 1961). Developmental psychologists (Neugarten, 1988; Boltes; Reese & Lipsitt, 1980) argue they are interested patterns change structures behavior. On hand, - theories encompass what others have referred cognitive-developmental structural-adaptive (Piaget, 1970; Perry, Loveninger, 1976; Kholberg, 1976). focus orderly reasoning patterns. Reasoning constructs act filters through individual ascribes meaning event, issue problem. Furthermore, Touchton, Wertheimer, Cornfeld Harrison (1977) noted important change: * Openness Alternatives Perspectives respect opinions thoughts. Analysis ability see one perspective. Ability assume Responsibility consequences decisions. World-view how discerns his world. Semantic Structure communication styles thought Self Processes objective assessment self. Interpersonal view complexities (her)world integrated. How Occurs Agents Change Adaption evolves. adaption divided into two complimentary parts, assimilation accommodation. Through this dual adaption, creates new deal effectively In actively incorporates features external world existing structures. …