Blue jets and gigantic jets: transient luminous events between thunderstorm tops and the lower ionosphere

摘要: An overview of general phenomenology and proposed physical mechanisms large scale electrical discharges termed 'blue jets' 'gigantic observed at high altitude in the Earth's atmosphere above thunderstorms is presented. The primary emphasis placed on summarizing available experimental data morphological features upward jet discussion recently advanced theories describing electrodynamic conditions, which facilitate escape conventional lightning leaders from thundercloud tops their propagation toward ionosphere. It argued that filamentary plasma structures blue gigantic are directly linked to processes streamer zones leaders, scaled by a significant reduction air pressure altitudes.