How to Make Agricultural Extension Demand-Driven?: The Case of India’s Agricultural Extension Policy

摘要: "Many countries have recognized the need to revive agricultural advisory or extension services (the terms are used interchangeably here) as a means of using agriculture an engine pro-poor growth; reaching marginalized, poor, and female farmers; addressing new challenges, such environmental degradation climate change. In spite ample experience with reform worldwide, identifying options most likely make more demand-driven remains major challenge. The concept implies making responsive needs all farmers, including women those who poor marginalized. It also accountable farmers and, consequence, effective. This essay discusses various for providing financing services, which involve public private sectors well third sector comprising nongovernmental organizations farmer-based organizations. We review market state failures, “community” failures (failures non-governmental organizations) inherent in existing models then outline strategies address demand-driven. Then we examine India's Policy Framework Agricultural Extension, has one its objectives, available survey information on India. conclude that although framework proposes wide range demand-driven, it is less specific challenges strategies. Moreover, unclear whether proposed will be able problems identified by farm household surveys: access extension." from Authors' Abstract