Biochar versus bone char for a sustainable inorganic arsenic mitigation in water: what needs to be done in future research?

摘要: Arsenic (As) is an emerging contaminant on a global scale posing threat to environmental and human health. The relatively brief history of the applications biochar bone char has mapped endeavors remove As from water considerable extent. This critical review attempts provide comprehensive overview for first time potential bio- bone-char in immobilization inorganic water. It seeks offer rational assessment what existing needs be done future research as implication toxicity health risks through acute chronic exposure contaminated Bio- are recognized promising alternatives activated carbon due their lower production activation cost. surface modification via chemical methods been adopted improve adsorption capacity anionic species. Surface complexation, ion exchange, precipitation electrostatic interactions main mechanisms involved onto surface. However, arsenic-bio-bone along with bonding removal aqueous solution still subject debate. Hence, proposed need scrutinized further using advanced analytical techniques such synchrotron-based X-ray. Moving this technology laboratory phase field urgent necessity order establish sustainable mitigation drinking scale.