作者: Jan Streeck , Dominik Wiedenhofer , Fridolin Krausmann , Helmut Haberl
DOI: 10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2020.104960
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摘要: Abstract Material stocks are the physical basis of production and consumption shape dynamics resource use socio-economic outcomes. We present an inflow-driven, long-term estimation material for United Kingdom, covering 12 major materials from 1800 to 2017. find trajectory UK's characterized by slow increases during 19th century, followed rapid growth a slowdown in recent years. After slump following 2007/8 financial crisis, stock again accelerated currently ∼1% per year. Per capita barely increased century. Proliferation far beyond population only started after WWI pushed ∼272 tons/capita. Since WWI, requirements constituted large share domestic consumption, indicating importance stabilization reducing size societies’ metabolism. that required buildup were increasingly imported, while more end-of-life metals paper exported. Over past 60 years, energy CO2 efficiency operation improved, but absolute savings curtailed ongoing expansion. grew tightly coupled GDP, since ∼1995 showing first signs relative decoupling. Alongside than doubling 1961 2005, life expectancy constantly slowly. Interestingly, indicator ‘life satisfaction’ remained fairly constant over period. Directly targeting stocks, improvements also limiting their expansion, is crucial lever towards sustainable UK.