Usage, definition, and measurement of coexistence, tolerance and acceptance in wildlife conservation research in Africa

摘要: The terms ‘coexistence’, ‘tolerance,’ and ‘acceptance’ appear frequently in conservation literature, but lack consistent characterization, making them difficult to apply across intervention frameworks. This review aims describe the common characterizations of these three using Africa-based research as a case study. Through systematic lexical searches, we identified 392 papers containing one or more terms. We assessed their usage, definition, measurement (or thereof) wildlife conservation. Coexistence was used 46% papers, defined only 2% measured 4%. Tolerance acceptance were 63% 61% which they appeared, respectively, 4% 2%, 19% 5%. These results confirm clear understanding concepts evidence need for precise lexicon. would allow conservationists cohesively work increase replicability contexts.