The elegance of energy balance: Insight from circuit-level manipulations

摘要: Mechanisms of energy balance were first examined using very powerful neuroscience techniques such as lesions and electrical stimulation. This early work identified the hypothalamus a key structure involved in hunger feeding; however, neural resolution cell-defined populations contributing to appetite regulation remained elusive. Recent innovations have produced constructs that allow for high degree specificity loss- gain-of-function manipulations molecularly circumscribed subsets well monosynaptic circuit mapping vivo neurophysiology. These complimentary provided researchers an unprecedented amount empirical agility. As result, cell two subregions emerged players physiological control feeding behavior. The arcuate nucleus paraventricular contain direct role promotion satiety. include neurons express agouti-related peptide, pro-opiomelanocortin, single-minded homolog 1 protein, melanocortin-4 receptor. review focuses on how these communicate with one another, link up build elaborate networks, ultimately contribute alterations food intake. continuing advancement tools, multimodal integration findings, will be critical illuminating exhaustive clinically relevant circuit. Synapse 69:461–474, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. article is U.S. Government public domain USA. published by