Private Entry and Emerging Partnerships in Container Terminal Operations: Evidence from Asia

摘要: This paper seeks to expand understanding of inter-firm partnerships in the maritime sector. The recognises ocean carriers and global terminal operators as leading agents change container port industry. While useful, extant literature's focus on strategic alliances among mega-carriers neglects role terminals defining firms' strategies logistical expansion. Meanwhile, rapidly expanding port-operating transnational corporations (TNC) are forcing fundamental shifts partnership dynamics, port–carrier interaction. A multilayered network framework is introduced build a conceptual link between private entry emerging Evidence from Asian ports TNCs provided support this. concludes by stressing need recognise heterogeneity paths available entrants their stake over operation finance.