Modeling nearshore-offshore exchange in Lake Superior.

摘要: Lake Superior's ecosystem includes distinct nearshore and offshore food webs linked by hydrodynamic processes that transport water tracers along across shore. The scales over which these occur their sensitivity to increasing summer surface temperatures are not well understood. This study investigated horizontal mixing between areas of Superior the 10-year period from 2003 2012 using a realistically forced three-dimensional numerical model virtual tracers. An age tracer was used characterize time lake where depth is less than 100 m deeper areas. in increased decreased an annual cycle corresponding lake's dimictic vertical stratification. Interannual variability isothermal significantly correlated average springtime wind speed, whereas during stratified season temperature. Dispersal passive released nine locations around perimeter more extensive late when stratification established lakewide early summer. distribution eddies resolved reflected differences dispersal patterns. In eastern part primarily alongshore, reflecting counterclockwise coastal circulation. western lake, cross-shore enhanced cross-basin currents.