Electroceramics for High-Energy Density Capacitors: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

摘要: Materials exhibiting high energy/power density are currently needed to meet the growing demand of portable electronics, electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage devices. The highest densities achieved for fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, but conventional dielectric capacitors receiving increased attention pulsed power applications due their fast charge-discharge speed. key in is a large maximum small remanent (zero case linear dielectrics) polarization breakdown strength. Polymer offer power/energy at room temperature, above 100 °C they unreliable suffer from breakdown. For high-temperature applications, therefore, ceramics only feasible alternative. Lead-based such as La-doped lead zirconate titanate exhibit good properties, toxicity raises concern over use consumer where exclusively free. Lead-free compositions with superior thus required. In this paper, we introduce fundamental principles dielectrics. We discuss factors improve properties control local structure, phase assemblage, layer thickness, microstructure, conductivity, electrical homogeneity through choice base systems, dopants, alloying additions, followed by comprehensive review state-of-the-art. Finally, comment on future requirements new materials capacitor applications.