A classification of mitigation strategies for natural hazards: implications for the understanding of interactions between mitigation strategies

摘要: The unexpectedly poor performances of complex mitigation systems in recent natural disasters demonstrate the need to reexamine system functionality, especially those combining multiple strategies. A systematic classification strategies is presented as a basis for understanding how different types strategy within an overall can interfere destructively, reduce effectiveness whole. We divide into three classes according timing actions that they prescribe. Permanent prescribe such construction tsunami barriers or land-use restrictions: are frequently both costly and “brittle” work up design limit hazard intensity magnitude then fail. Responsive after source event has occurred, evacuations, rely on capacities detect quantify events transmit warnings fast enough enable at risk populations decide act effectively. Anticipatory use interpretation precursors precautionary actions, but challenges arise from uncertainties behaviour. NE Japan its performance 2011 Tohoku disaster provide examples interactions between propose here would consideration addition new affect existing system, furthermore aid integrated systems.