Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown?

摘要: Study of interactions between pairs or larger groups nonindigenous species has been subordinated in the literature to study and native species. To extent that among introduced are depicted at all, emphasis on negative interactions, primarily resource competition interference. However, a search reveals frequently interact with one another facilitative least as common detrimental ones. The population significance these rarely determined, but great variety types direct indirect individuals different is observed, many plausibly believed have consequences level. In particular, mutualisms plants animals disperse and/or pollinate them modification habitat by both seem often important facilitating invasions. There little evidence interference levels currently observed significantly impedes further invasions, synergistic invaders may well lead accelerated impacts ecosystems – an invasional ‘meltdown’ process.