Heterogeneity of microglia and TNF signaling as determinants for neuronal death or survival

摘要: Microglia do not constitute a single, uniform cell population, but rather comprise cells with varied phenotypes, some which are beneficial and others that may require active regulatory control. Thus, gaining better understanding of the heterogeneity resident microglia responses will contribute to any interpretation regarding impact such response in brain. primary source pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can initiate various effects through activation membrane receptors. The TNF p55 receptor contains death domain normally leads cellular apoptosis; however, under specific conditions, also lead NF-κB survival. These divergent outcomes have been linked localization internalization leading supporting A second receptor, p75 is growth survival, it cooperate death. while an elevation TNFα brain often considered indicator neuroinflammation, number factors come into play determine final outcome. Data reviewed demonstrating morphological expression receptors critical identifying characterizing neurotoxic events as they relate neuronal damage stimulating neuroprotection.